Factors affecting soil erosion hazards and conservation needs for. Interactive factors affecting erosion in unsurfaced roads. Factors affecting soil erosion and effects of soil erosion nptel. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library. Factors affecting sheet and rill erosion smith 1957. Pdf concept of wind erosion and factors affecting the rate of. Jun 07, 2017 what are the factors influencing the rate of erosion by a river in its upper course. R rainfall runoff erosivity k soil erodibility l length of slope. The identification of the mechanisms of soil erosion and factors affecting soil erosion is an. Test your knowledge of the factors that increase coastal erosion remember that the opposite will decrease coastal erosion. Soil erosion by wind occurs under dry conditions and high wind velocity. Soils, soil characteristics and factors affecting management.
The term soil erosion covers a wide range of physical and chemical actions, such as removal of soluble matters, chemical changes, disintegration by frost or by rapid changes of temperature, attrition by dust charged wind, scouring by silt laden currents, alternate impact and succession by storm waves, landslides and so on fox 1950. Factors affecting coastal erosion flashcards quizlet. A moist, cool climate can even favor the formation of glaciers in mountains and high latitudes. The earth is covered with many rocks that vary in size and shape due to weathering. So, let us start with climatic factors and the climatic factors that impact the are affect the soil erosion are rainfall, wind, humidity. Department of chemical engineering, university of saskatchewan, saskatoon, sk s7n 0w0. A waves strength is controlled by its fetch and the wind speed. Soil erosion can be a slow process that continues relatively unnoticed or can occur at an alarming rate, causing serious loss of topsoil. Nov 19, 2014 however, the severity of dental erosion varies among eating disorder patients and is not associated with the eating disorders duration 3, 5. What are the factors influencing the rate of erosion by a. Factors affecting the extent of wind erosion aridity of climate. The factors and practices are combined in a rational erosion equation for calculat ing field soil loss for use in application of conservation practices and in assessing. Factors affecting sheet and rill erosion smith 1957 eos. Factors affecting furrow erosion nwisrl publications.
Research open access factors affecting the dental erosion. Factors affecting changes in erosion status in the. Factors influencing the adoption of soil and water. A study underway at the university of birmingham has identified more than 2200 studies of soil erosion. The relationship is particularly strong if heavy rainfall occurs at times when, or in locations where, the soils surface is not well protected by vegetation. Understanding the factors influencing rill erosion on.
Experimental investigation of some hydrodynamic factors affecting slurry pipeline wall erosion. Rock weathering is greatly affected by the following parameters. As water and other agents strip away less resilient layers, more durable rock masses are left as outcrops, ridges or summits. Table 2 indicates the classification of the nine important factors affecting erosion and producing sediments erodibility based on moderate redundancy of sediments. The relative effectiveness of each of the three main conservation practices in control of erosion, contour farming, strip cropping, and terracing is presented.
This paper examines a the factors that affect water erosion from construction areas for the purpose of pre dicting the aniount of such erosion and b the factors that should be considered in the design of erosioncontrol devices. This method is based on analyzing nine influential factors including. A part of rainfall always snips into the soil on the covered rocks and looses the rock particle by dissolving it. According to staehles materials degradation model, all engineering materials are reactive and their strength is quantifiable, provided that all the variables involved in a given situation are properly diagnosed and their interactions. This includes rainfall characteristics, atmospheric temperature and wind velocity 2.
Instead, other factors are presumed be involved in the progression of dental erosion. In the last survey taken, blase identified the following factors to be significantly related to reductions in soil loss. Psiac empirical method is considered as one of the methods calculating and estimating the amount of erodibility and sedimentation of sedimentary deposits in sedimentary basins and dams reservoirs. Soil erosion by water 9sheet erosion soil is eroded uniformly across a slope 9rill erosion numerous tiny gullies. Factors affecting erosion, transportation and deposition.
Inherent soil and properties climate affect crop growth and how respond to applied p crops fertilizer, and regulate processes that limit p availability. Recommendations to facilitate adoption of different swc measures include. Pdf soil is the most fundamental and basic natural resource for all life to survive. Soil erosion reduces cropland productivity and contributes to the pollution of adjacent watercourses, wetlands and lakes. In a broad sense, over a time scale long enough that storage changes average out are negligible, and over a region large enough or with boundary defined. Rickson school of agriculture food and environment, cranfield university, silsoe campus, bedford mk45 4dt, uk abstract at sample locations in the swaziland middleveld comparison of erosion severity class at two dates 1972 and 1990 shows where the. Analyzing factors affecting erosion and sedimentary. The amount and intensity of precipitation is the main climatic factor governing soil erosion by water.
Water erosion is due to dispersive and transporting power of water. Understanding the basic processes and factors that are responsible for inducing land degrada tion, particularly soil erosion and associated phenomena is. Classification of main factors affecting erosion in unpaved roads. However, the severity of dental erosion varies among eating disorder patients and is not associated with the eating disorders duration 3, 5. Differences in composition mean certain rock types are more or less resistant to erosion and weathering than others. The primary factor affecting shear force exerted by water on the soil is velocity of the water. These were systematically screened and narrowed to 564 good studies from which 99873 data were analysed in detail. The processes are raindrop impact and transportation of soil particles by flowing water. Understanding the basic processes and factors that are responsible for inducing land degradation, particularly soil erosion and associated phenomena is critical.
Soil erosion is the main form of land degradation, caused by the interacting effects of factors, such as biophysical characteristics and socioeconomic aspects. The following factors affect the rivers energy and ability to erode, transport and deposit its load. Wind erosion can also take place in highrainfall climates when certain months of the year are particularly dry but only if the soil is tilled with techniques that crush the surface fine. Rickson school of agriculture food and environment, cranfield university, silsoe campus, bedford mk45 4dt, uk abstract at sample locations in the swaziland middleveld comparison of erosion severity class at two dates 1972 and 1990 shows where the incidence. Physical factors affecting runoff the general climatic regime controls the total volume of runoff in any region through its effect on the water balance. Intraoral disease is a common occurrence in patients with eating disorders, particularly dental erosion. Thermal erosion is the result of melting and weakening permafrost due to moving water. Top 5 factors affecting crop production your article library. What are the factors influencing the rate of erosion by a river in its upper course. However, despite the prospect of land degradation, not every farmer cultivating on unleveled ground will practice soil and water conservation swc technologies. Soil formation five factors of soil formation rocks parent. This paper discusses the two principal processes by which sheet erosion occurs and the six factors which effect the magnitude of the losses. Climate also indirectly affect weathering by affecting the amount of vegetation and presence of organisms that can lead to chemical weathering.
Interactive factors affecting erosion in unsurfaced roads a study underway at the university of birmingham has identified more than 2200 studies of soil erosion. Clay minerals are moved by water from near the soil surface to deeper in the developing profile. The factors and practices are combined in a rational erosion equation for calculating field soil loss for use in application of conservation practices and in assessing land program benefits. Processes of soil formation 2,500 years the five factors of soil formation control four general processes responsible for soil. Pdf on oct 2, 2017, g n gurjar and others published concept of wind erosion and factors affecting the rate of soil loss through the action. The amount of water in the air and the temperature of an area are both part of an areas climate. R rainfall runoff erosivity k soil erodibility l length of slope s slope steepness c cover practice p support practice a soil loss in. After reading this article you will learn about wind erosion. Factors affecting adoption of soil and water conservation. Soil erosion by water 9sheet erosion soil is eroded uniformly across a slope 9rill erosion numerous tiny gullies rills. Table 1 presents the classification of the nine important factors affecting erosion and producing sediments erodibility based on high redundancy of sediments. Jun 07, 2016 learn how erosion is affecting you coastline.
Land degradation in the form of general loss of productivity and was pervasive problem in. Research open access factors affecting the dental erosion severity of patients with eating disorders mitsuhiro otsu1, akira hamura1, yuiko ishikawa1, hiroyuki karibe2, tomoyasu ichijyo3 and yoko yoshinaga4 abstract background. Factors affecting changes in erosion status in the swaziland. Relief mountain regions have steep slopes which means that in the event of rain they drain quickly leaving the dry. The results of multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the slope gradient was the most signifi cant of all site variables in affecting erosion. It is again, easier for the sea to exploit the weaknesses in the rocks of a discordant coastline. Use this interactive quiz and printable worksheet to test your.
Erosion occurs when the shear force exerted by water on a soil unit exceeds the forces binding that unit to underlying soil. Given the proper conditions, these massive ice bodies advance and heavily impact the terrain. Channel b has a smaller a smaller wetted perimeter resulting in more vertical erosion because it has more energy left over from overcoming friction. Velocity is determined by amount of water flowing per unit time and by slope of the furrow.
This pdf is a chapter of the oregon nearshore strategy, the marine component of the official state wildlife action plan for oregon. Social and economic factors affecting the adoption of soil. Meader belts of the mississippi river in louisiana. Factors affecting the dental erosion severity of patients. Factors that affect water erosion from construction areas. Give factors that influence the rate of erosion by a river in its upper course. The erosion potential of any area is determined by four principal factors. Mar, 2018 climate is a major sculptor of landforms.
Erosion and changes in the form of river banks may be measured by inserting metal rods into the bank and marking the position of the bank surface along the rods at different times. Elsevier soil technology 11 1997 3118 soil technology factors affecting changes in erosion status in the swaziland middleveld r. Frost action also takes place in the forspaces of rocks and causes disintegration and splitting of rocks into fragments. Influencing factors and their interactions of water erosion based on. Experimental investigation of some hydrodynamic factors. Channel a has a larger wetted perimeter which means more friction and leaves less energy to erode its bed and to transport load. One of generous precipitation often induces extensive erosion through plentiful runoff and stream flow. Which of the following is not a major factor affecting soil development and its eventual productivity. For natural and social factors soil erosion in red soil craggy.
Susceptibility to wind erosion is related rather definitely to the moisture content of soils. Examples include monadnocks, which are isolate domes of resistant rocks. Factors affecting one factor that affects weathering is the total surface area of mineral or rock. Environment agency thinksoils factors that influence erosion and runoff soil surface roughness factors that influence erosion and runoff soil surface roughness 3 ploughed land provides surface storage of rainwater soil surface roughness soil surface roughness rough surfaces e. U in construction areas fo1 the pwpose of designing protective measure.
The biggest factor affecting coastal erosion is the strength of the waves breaking along the coastline. Weathering types of weathering, factors affecting weathering. This is where the rocks run at a right angle to the sea rather than a concordant coastline which runs parallel. Climatic and site conditions, such as rainfall and temperature, and moisture. Mar 19, 2004 recommendations to facilitate adoption of different swc measures include.
Environment agency thinksoils factors that influence erosion and runoff generic soil groups chalk and limestone soils factors that influence erosion and runoff 18 generic soils groups chalk and limestone soils 3 shallow chalk and limestone soils these thin soils are less than 30cm deep. Slow geological process of construction and destruction is going on the surface of earth for millions of years because earth is old enough and has been completely leveled by weathering and erosion. Factors affecting species and habitats factors affecting species and habitats. Erosion the incorporation and transportation of weathering products by a mobile agent such as wind, water, ice. The factors listed earlier have been organized in a framework of six categories with a number of subfactors as shown in the following table. Analyzing factors affecting erosion and sedimentary deposits.
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